In a CAS operation, who is responsible for the clearance to engage?

In a Close Air Support (CAS) operation, the Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) holds the responsibility for granting clearance to engage. The JTAC acts as the primary liaison between the ground forces and the aircraft conducting air support. Their role involves ensuring that the actions taken by aircraft are safe and effective, considering the tactical situation on the ground.

The JTAC coordinates target engagement, taking into account the presence of friendly forces, the location of the enemy, and the type of ordnance being used. This meticulous oversight helps prevent fratricide and ensures that the air support provided aligns with the ground commander's intentions and operational plans.

While other roles such as the Joint Fires Observer (JFO), Aircraft Commander, and Ground Force Commander are integral to the process, their responsibilities differ. The JFO usually assists the JTAC by providing additional situational awareness and identifying targets but does not have final authority on engagement clearance. The Aircraft Commander is responsible for the aircraft’s overall operation and safety but relies on the JTAC for ground-focused clearance decisions. The Ground Force Commander is focused on the broader tactical objectives and unit welfare but defers to the JTAC for the specifics of engaging targets in close proximity to friendly forces. This division of responsibility establishes a