What is described as an operation that defeats an enemy attack and develops conditions for further operations?

The correct answer is a defensive operation. This type of operation is fundamentally aimed at repelling an enemy attack while simultaneously creating conditions that allow for the transition to offensive operations. In military strategy, defensive operations focus on maintaining control over key terrain and preserving the force while inflicting maximum damage on the enemy.

During a defensive operation, forces fortify their positions, utilize available resources to counter the enemy's advances, and engage in maneuvering to exploit weaknesses in the enemy's attack. Successful execution of a defensive operation not only stops the attacking enemy but also prepares the ground for subsequent offensive action, thereby setting the stage for future engagements.

The other concepts, while related to military operations, do not encapsulate the dual focus on stopping an enemy and enabling follow-on actions in the same way. An offensive operation primarily seeks to engage and defeat the enemy through attack, without the defensive aspect. The concept of fires pertains to the coordination and delivery of indirect fire support, and the scheme of maneuver outlines the movement strategy for forces but does not define the specific purpose of defeating an enemy attack.